As a residential real estate investor, there are two predominant types of rental properties to consider: single family homes and multifamily apartment buildings. Both offer attractive benefits, but also come with unique characteristics, risks, costs, and returns that must be evaluated based on your investment goals and financial situation. Determining whether single family rentals or multifamily apartments make a better investment, if either inherently is superior, depends on a variety of factors specific to your real estate strategy.
Income potential
Monthly rental income is the primary purpose of rentals for investors, regardless of property type. Single family homes often rent for higher absolute dollar amounts compared to a single unit in an apartment building. However, apartments contain multiple units under one roof, each renting for a lower amount. So, for the total square footage and value, multifamily can actually provide higher overall rental income. Income from both can grow over time but multifamily tends to benefit more from rental increases as leases renew at the same time across many units.
Appreciation
Appreciation potential varies significantly based on location with both property types but tends to be higher for single family homes, especially in strong, family-oriented neighborhoods. Single families are also appreciated as owner-occupied homes by many tenants, supporting perpetually high demand. While apartments typically appreciate well over long periods, single families often see opportunities for greater price per square foot gains, especially if only a few units are present in a market.
Costs
Costs tend to be higher with single family homes versus apartments for factors like materials, maintenance, property taxes, insurance, utilities, and property management. Single families typically require constant upkeep, large-scale repairs, individual utility accounts, higher taxes per unit, and dedicated on-site management time. Apartments benefit from economies of scale across all costs. So, while income potential may be higher with single families, total costs often accompany greater potential income, impacting overall returns.
Leverage
It is often easier to secure a mortgage for a single family home versus an apartment building, especially for multifamily properties with 4+ units. Lenders perceive single families as having less risk because they are seen as steady, owner-occupied residences by many buyers and the market remains the most proven and established. Apartment mortgages entail additional risk, so leverage and loan-to-value ratios tend to be more conservative and complex. More leverage can mean significantly higher returns, so this differs as an advantage for single family rentals.
Risks
There are inherent risks with any rental property, but also differences in the types of risks between single family and multifamily:
•Vacancy risk: Easier or longer to fill for apartments due to volume. May be harder to attract tenants for single families.
•Default risk: Tenants may default in larger groups for apartments but overall loss potentially less per unit. Easier to screen tenants as a unit for single family.
•Liability risk: More inherent liability with multifamily properties due to larger volume, common areas, facilities. Easier to hold a single tenant accountable for damage.
• Management demands: Higher management demands with multifamily including facility upkeep, tenant relations, administration. Often easier to self-manage a small number of single family rentals.
•Economy impacts: The economy may impact apartments more severely but single families also depend on owner-occupants. Either type could see impacts.
Whether single family rentals or multifamily apartments make a better investment depends on evaluating the unique dynamics, potential benefits, and risks of each option based on your financial situation and investing goals. There is no one universally superior property type, though multifamily often provides greater volume and economies of scale while single family homes typically allow for more customization and control. By determining which factors are most priorities and analyzing the complexity, time demands, access to deals, income and appreciation potential, costs, leverage possibilities and risks of each, you can select the right choice or combination of both to achieve long term investing success. With hard work and prudent decision making, both single family rentals and multifamily apartments absolutely can lead to accomplishing important financial milestones and building wealth through rental property investing. The superior option is the one that best fits your unique needs.